Wilson's post-World War I plan for peace included the League of Nations. What is this plan commonly called?

• A. The Lend-Lease Plan
• B. The Fourteen Points
• C. The Washington Naval Treaty
• D. The Warren-Gamaliel Protocol

Answer: (B)

Wilson's plan for a lasting postwar settlement centers on open diplomacy, self-determination for peoples, and a new mechanism for collective security through an international league. This collection of proposals is commonly called the Fourteen Points, named for the fourteen specific ideas he outlined in a 1918 speech. The plan urged open covenants openly arrived at, freedom of navigation, free trade, reductions in armaments, fair treatment of colonial claims with respect for the interests of local peoples, and the creation of a League of Nations to guarantee political independence and territorial integrity through collective security. The aim was to address the causes of conflict rather than simply punish the aggressor. The Fourteen Points influenced the negotiations at Versailles and helped shape the League's formation, though the final treaty incorporated only some points and the United States did not join the League.